Faith
Debate Over Atonement: Faithful Perspectives Needed
Faith Facts
- John Mark Comer publicly questioned Penal Substitutionary Atonement (PSA), sparking concern in the Christian community.
- Andrew Rillera’s book, “Lamb of the Free,” emphasizes covenant and restoration over retributive justice in Christ’s sacrifice.
- Biblical evidence supports PSA as part of a rich tapestry explaining Jesus’s atonement and redemption for humanity.
John Mark Comer shared statements on social media, casting doubt on traditional PSA, prompting robust responses from fellow believers seeking theological clarity. His critique was influenced by Andrew Rillera’s book, which claims Jesus’s death should be understood less as punishment and more as a covenantal, purifying act.
Comer clarified his objection was to the overemphasis on violence in atonement, but offered limited theological substantiation for his position. Dr. Rillera believes the Torah sacrifices were about purification and restoration with God, not retributive penalty, and views the language around Christ’s death as metaphorical, focusing on liberation and covenant rather than substitution for sin’s penalty.
I respectfully maintain that the Bible reveals atonement as deeply connected to substitution and the covering of sins by Christ’s sacrificial blood.
“I seek not my own will but the will of him who sent me” (John 5:30).
The Scriptures affirm that Jesus fulfills Old Testament sacrificial themes, as seen on Yom Kippur and in Leviticus and Romans, where blood was required for atonement.
“For the life of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it for you on the altar to make atonement for your souls, for it is the blood that makes atonement by the life” (Leviticus 17:11).
Paul’s writings use terms like apolytrōsis and hilastērion, reinforcing substitution and redemption as central to Christ’s work on the cross. These biblical concepts remind us of God’s gift—true redemption by faith alone through Christ alone.
Let us continue to anchor our understanding of salvation and atonement in the unchanging Word of God, upholding the fullness of Christ’s sacrifice and the depths of God’s mercy, for the sake of faith, family, and freedom.